Racism and Research the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Essay

The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study | | This essay examines the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, wherein for 40 years (1932-1972) hundreds of black men suffering from advanced syphilis were studied but not treated. The 40-year study was controversial for reasons related to ethical standards; primarily because researchers knowingly failed to treat patients appropriately after the 1940s validation of penicillin as an effective cure for the disease they were studying. To explore the role of the racism in the controversial study, this essay analyzes the article written by Allan M. Brandt. | | The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (also known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study or Public Health Service Syphilis Study) was an infamous clinical†¦show more content†¦Six of the values that commonly apply to medical ethics discussions are: * Autonomy - the patient has the right to refuse or choose their treatment. * Beneficence - a practitioner should act in the best interest of the patient. * Non-maleficence - first, do no harm * Justice - concerns the distribution of scarce health resources, and the decision of who gets what treatment (fairness and equality). * Dignity - the patient (and the person treating the patient) have the right to be treated with dignity. * Truthfulness and honesty - the concept of informed consent has increased in importance since the historical events of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Values such as these do not give answers as to how to handle a particular situation, but provide a useful structure for understanding conflicts. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study violated several of these guidelines in order to continue their research. In the past and especially today this study was an unacceptable form of research that lead to the inhumane treatment of many men. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was extremely unethical and should have been put to a stop much earlier in the process. When the study began there may not have been specific guidelines as to how to conduct a study, but after theShow MoreRelatedRacism And Research : The Tuskegee Syphilis Study1294 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and Research: the Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study In the article Racism and Research: the Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, by Allen M. Brandt, he discusses a few mains point. The main points of the article is Racism and Medical Opinions, the origins of the experiment, how they selected the subjects, and the HEW final report. In the first point, Racism and Medical Opinions, many of the scientist believed that even with all the â€Å"education or philanthropy† the black Americans can’t beRead MoreThe Tuskegee s Tuskegee Experiment986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tuskegee Experiment, is one of the most well known blunders of United States medical research in the 20th century. Not only was it entirely unethical and inhumane, but it also highlighted the problems of racism and inequality in the medical world and the entire country at that time. By examining and reviewing the history, consequences, racism, results, and conclusion of the Tuskegee Experiment, it can perhaps shed some light on the barbaric events that transpir ed throughout the research. AsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tuskegee Experiment898 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was conducted in 1932 by the Public Health, which included 600 black men as their test subjects. Of the 600 men, 399 had syphilis and 201 didn’t (CDC). The men were told that they were being treated for â€Å"Bad Blood† and didn’t have any knowledge of being included in a study (CDC). In exchange for their services, researchers offered the men free medical exams, burial insurance, and free meals (CDC). The study was called â€Å" The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in theRead MoreMedical Research: Tuskegee Syphilis and Nazi Human Experiments678 Words   |  3 PagesWhen you think of medical research, you probably think of lab rats. The â€Å"lab rats† in both Tuskegee syphilis study and the nazi human experiments were living human beings. History repeats itself as the two studies occur with the same intention and procedures. It was a result of i gnorance and the idea of hierarchy: superiority and inferiority. The inhumane action of the researchers led to policies that protects against barbarous experiments. Tuskegee syphilis study started in 1932 with a good intentionRead MoreThe Tuskegee Study Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagesmedical experiments, ‘The Tuskegee Study’ saying â€Å"The legacy of the study at Tuskegee has reached far and deep, in ways that hurt our progress and divides our nation. We cannot be one America when a whole segment of our nation has no trust in America. An apology is the first step, and we take it with a commitment to rebuild that broken trust. We can begin by making sure there is never again another episode like this one. We need to do more to ensure that medical research practices are sound and ethicalRead MoreThe Tuskegee Study Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Assignment Part A. The CITI Ethics Training spoke of both: Laud Humphreys, Tearoom Trade and the infamous Tuskegee Study. The Video, The Human Behavior Experiments, reported on the Milgram study on obedience and the Zimbardo Prison Experiment. Using one of these four studies as an example, explain how the study violated (or not) each of the three basic principles of research ethics: beneficence, justice and respect for persons, using materials from your CITI training, the ASA Code of EthicsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment1309 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The blight on human history known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was on all counts an immoral and unethical research study. Public Health Services were the ones conducting the experiment, which went on for years (from 1932 to 1972) and throughout the entire thing human beings were used as laboratory animals (The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, 2000). Unfortunately, this study was conducted when racism was still common, meaning that the human â€Å"lab rats† were poor black men, because theyRead MoreTuskegee : Turmoil And Torture1733 Words   |  7 Pages12/12/2015 Tuskegee: Turmoil and Torture The Tuskegee study is one of the most useful situations when examining ethical decisions in science. Most useful because of the unethical decisions made and the justifications for them. The study spanned several decades and many decisions throughout can be examined with an ethical approach. The Tuskegee study was focused on patients who had contracted the disease syphilis. Syphilis at the time may have been the perfect enabler of this ethical case. Syphilis hasRead MoreTaking a Look at the Tuskegee Project1538 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tuskegee Project In the 1920’s and 1930’s syphilis was very prevalent and feared among most populations. The U.S. Public Health Service wanted to learn more about this disease and they launched six pilot projects in poor southern communities. One project was conducted in Macon County, Alabama. This project, called the Tuskegee study, was a clinical study of untreated syphilis in negro males. The Tuskegee project was meant to discover ways to improve quality care for the black community. Read MoreThe Infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pages a study was conducted by the U.S. Public Heath Services to study the progression of untreated syphilis. The study consisted of 600 African American men, 399 who had previous had syphilis before the study began and 201 without the disease. Throughout the study many unethical things happened and the subjects of the study were not given the full truth of what was happening and what was going to happen. According to wikip edia, the Tuskegee Study was arguably the most infamous biomedical research study

Nonfiction Reaction Paper - 1859 Words

Nonfiction Reaction Paper ENG/125 February 8, 2012 Nonfiction Reaction Paper The nonfiction stories I have decided to write about are; â€Å"Who Will Light the Incense When Mother’s Gone?† by Andrew Lam and â€Å"Salvation† by Langston Hughes. Both of these stories are about a significant event in the authors lives in which they choose to write about. â€Å"Salvation† is a story about the author trying to find his way into the church and finally see the light or Jesus so his soul will be saved and his sins forgiven. ; â€Å"Who Will Light the Incense When Mother’s Gone?† was a writing about his mother having a hard time with the American culture and how her son, the author Andrew Lam, will be when he leaves home and how the traditions she raised him†¦show more content†¦This relates to the part where Langston debating on what to do because his friend just lied to be saved and Jesus still has not saved him and he is getting hounded by his aunt while pondering. â€Å"Langston, why don’t you come? Why do n’t you come and be saved? Oh, Lamb of God! Why don’t you come?†(Langston 1940 p.352). I have never really ‘seen the light’ as one would say, but I have had experiences with the lord that I do not share, but at a young age of 12 I would have had all the uncertainties that Langston did when he was that age. I went to a catholic grade school for eight years and I had a difficult time grasping certain things with the church and it was only because of age. Langston did nothing wrong and I am sure as he got older he realized the significance of what the church and aunt were trying to help him with on that particular day; which was let the lord into your life and become part of you and your soul so you can be forgiven for your sins and practice good well being through life to come. When Andre Lam was being confronted by his mother in â€Å"Who Will Light the Incense When Mother’s Gone?† he was a little bit abrasive in his attitude towards his mother when she was so harsh on him speaking Vietnamese or practicing the culture itself. I can relate to this very well. When I was in high school my parents did not understand how things were at a younger age during the 80’s. Not only were video games coming of age,Show MoreRelatedBusiness and Management2600 Words   |  11 Pagesconveying a particular idea. | | | |Individual |Write a 700-to 1,050-word paper that details your reaction to one of the fiction stories in |Due Week 1 by |10 | |Reaction Paper—Fiction: Short |this week’s readings. Include the following in your paper: |5:59 p.m. | | |Story | Read MoreEssay On The Relevance Of The Us Constitution832 Words   |  4 PagesArtwork: The looking glass for 1787. A house divided against itself cannot stand. Mat. chap. 13th verse 26. Creator(s): Doolittle, Amos. Date Created/Published: [New Haven]: 1787. Medium: 1 print: engraving and rocker work, with watercolor on laid paper; 28.7 x 36.7 cm. (image). o This piece of artwork represents major issues in Connecticut politics on the eve of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The two rival shown are the â€Å"Federals† and â€Å"Antifederal.† A full description and symbolism areRead MoreThe Tipping Point Book Review1055 Words   |  5 Pagesbest seller nonfiction book, â€Å"The Tipping Point† by Malcolm Gladwell. This book is an interesting read to understand the science of epidemics in all areas of life. The author various examples to elaborates as to how small actions at the right time, in the right and with the right people can create a tipping point for a product/service. For instance, Hush Puppies ‘tipped’ in 1993, when a few fashion-forward hipsters from Soho New York started wearing the failing brand again. A chain reaction was triggeredRead MoreScience Is Not For Me1459 Words   |  6 PagesABSTRACT Most people when they hear of the terminology â€Å"Science† they then to flinch and react in somewhat of a negative manner. Saying things like; â€Å"I hate science†, â€Å"science is hard† or even â€Å"science is not for me†. This reaction however is a manifestation of how they were taught or introduce to the subject. In most case it was through a formal setting. Traditionally science was taught in such a manner that it tends to separate it from reality. For many there were no forms of application, noRead More Creative Writing in the Composition Classroom Essay3578 Words   |  15 Pagesgenre theory in the classroom à ¬is a process because it asks students to analyze the social context and the needs that must be addressed by writing within that social contextà ® (Dean 53). Following the concept that the à ¬genreà ® itself is merely a social reaction to a piece of writing, the theory, then, seems to be what most students in writing classes would be looking for: the à ¬authority approvalà ® to go à ¬crazyà ® with their writing, and not to worry what their audiences may think. They would be allowed toRead MoreThe Importance of Writing for Food Writer5934 Words   |  24 Pagesare immediate or recent have greater news value than those that occurred some time ago. It is dictated largely by the time frame within which specific medium operates. For a radio news bulletin, what is timely may be an hour old, but for a daily paper, it may be whatever happened in the past 24 hours. 2. Proximity- The degree of impact of an event is subject to how close the audience is to the event. In other words, an event may be of interest to local readers because it happened inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1727 Words   |  7 Pagessilly and conspicuous front design.(Perkins Gilman, 383) For the 4th of July she receives company for which should bring her joy, but her inability to discuss her illness or intellectual things leaves her more exhausted than before. Because of her reaction to the family John threatens to send her to Weir Mitchell, who invented the resting cure. She begins to hide her depression from John and the others, though her depression is actually growing deeper. John leaves her for longer periods of timeRead MoreRole of Women in WWI1712 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on war against the enemy. Women played an important role in influencing the propaganda of World War I. The goal of this paper is to analyze the role of women in propaganda of World War I in the lights of broad academic resources. Women and World War I Just like men, women and children were primarily influenced and affected by the war. Some of the female reactions were related to apprehension, whereas some women played an active role in propaganda of the war by means of posters, literatureRead MoreEntering An Individuals Home Or Personal Space1701 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresent who she felt she was, and who she wanted to display to other people. The bookshelf was full with a wide variety of objects; it was not restricted to only books though they were the primary placeholders. 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Samsung Corpotate Strategy Free Essays

string(134) " always a threat when outsourcing any product to a country like China where law is not well implemented to protect the patent rights\." Samsung Company Overview Samsung Company is a world leader in digital technology innovation. Samsung believes in innovation and continue to look after the new technology to grow their business. I believed that company wanted to build a market in which customers are more loyal to the Samsung brand and trust in the name of Samsung. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Corpotate Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"SAMSUNG is dedicated to devel-oping innovative technologies and efficient processes that create new markets, enrich people’s lives, and continue to make Samsung a digital leader† http://www. samsung. com/hk_en/images/aboutnew/corporateprofile/title_txt. if Samsung accomplished its success through the strategy of how to manage creativity, partnership with venders, and talent. Samsung is not only expanding in electronics but also expanding into other industries such as health care, medicine, and biotechnology. Samsung’s mission and vision will make Samsung a cutting edge company. I would say Samsung is the creator of the future of electronics. Samsung is among the world’s top five electronics brand and has $400 billion in revenue. The mission of the company explain everything â€Å"As stated in its new motto, Samsung Electronics’ vision for the new decade is, â€Å"Inspire the World, Create the Future. This new vision reflects Samsung Electro nics’ commitment to inspiring its communities by leveraging Samsung’s three key strengths: â€Å"New Technology,† â€Å"Innovative Products,† and â€Å"Creative Solutions. † — and to promoting new value for Samsung’s core networks — Industry, Partners, and Employees. Through these efforts, Samsung hopes to contribute to a better world and a richer experience for all† (http://www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/vision. html) Micro and macro environment for Samsung globally Porter’s five forces: The Threats of new entrants There is always a potential threat for Samsung that a new company will enter into the market. Most of the companies find outsourcing company in China and label its brand. Only thing they have to do is to formulate a marketing strategy and distribution channel. Today’s global economy is depended on China. China is called world’s factory. Most of the products are manufactured at very low cost in China. Electronic companies like HP, SONY, DeLL, Gateway, Apple, and many others used China’s manufacturing industry. So there is always a threat of new entrants into the electronics market. MANILA, Philippines – The Philippine electronics industry attracted $2. 477 billion in fresh investments in 2011, the highest ever, and the new projects are expected to generate an estimated $5 billion in additional export revenues annually once they go into full commercial operation† (http://www. abs-cbnnews. com/business/02/21/12/electronics-industry-attracts-24b-investme nt). The Bargaining Power of Buyers Electronic world is changing everyday and in the market there are many types and many verities to pick one from. Even it’s very difficult for a customer to find the best one with very competing prices to each others. Most of the individuals are price sensitive they can check the prices on line and fine the cheapest price before making any decision. Institutional buyers are more quality sensitive than price. Most of the companies focus on corporate customers. There is a completion in the market. The Bargaining Power of Suppliers Intel is leading in microprocessors it provided 85% of CPU so the power of suppliers is high because of low number of competitors in the market. Different companies produce different kind of products. Hard disk producers are many in the market. The power of suppliers is quite low because of many competitors in the market. Threats of Substitutes In the changing technology world, there are many substitutes available to the customers to choose one. Companies like Samsung have to keep the quality and price up to the customer expectation. Samsung should understand the need and demand and desire of each group of customer. Samsung interviewed customers to check the water. The Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors Samsung group has many competitors in the global electronic world. The brand name competitors of the Samsung are LG, SK, Matsushitsa, Micron, Sony, Apple, Kyobo Life Insurance, Meiji Life Insurance, Sumitomo Life Insurance, Hp, Dell. SWOT analysis of Samsung Strengths †¢Electronics Product line and investment in other industries such as life insurance and biotech etc. †¢Heavy investment into R and marketing strategies. Company has more than one dozen R centers around the world and its 138000 R team members are working hard for the company’s success. †¢Leader in electronics especially in cell phone and more or less 60 other products. For example DVD, Ac, LCD, and Refrigerators etc. †¢Supplier of HD, DRAM, SDRAM, Memory Sticks, and semiconductors. †¢Decision making process of the company. †¢Samsung provide better guarantee and service than its competitors. Weakness †¢Some of the Samsung products are not user friendly. This factor is keeping Samsung behind in the Global electronics market. For instance there are many draw back in digital camera Samsung S860. First of all the lens of this camera turn off automatically after 30 seconds. †¢Company invested too much into the R but need to spend on marketing. †¢Competitors spent on advertisement heavily but Samsung can’t explain introduce its products via advertisements. †¢Need to improve the battery life of many of its products. Opportunities †¢Globally the demands for electronics are increasing quickly. In the digital world everyone like to have his or her own cell phone and a laptop. †¢Need more production according to the market. †¢Market share can be increased in ASEAN regions, it is increased by 32. 7% during the year 2006. †¢Cell phone market is very big and expanding by the time, this is the industry where Samsung should invest more. †¢Samsung has the competitive prices. The growing markets like India, China and Brazil are very price sensitive. Threats †¢Prices of the electronics are decreasing 10% annually that is a threat to most of the electronic manufacturer in the industry. †¢Entry of new products every day. Green products and environmentalists organizations. †¢Restrictions on usage of lead, cadmium, mercury and flame retardants products. †¢R need to pay attention while developing a new product previously Samsung paid $134 million Inter Digital because Samsung lost a patent dispute. Similarly Ericson filed a lawsuit against Samsung. †¢Counterfeiting products are the major problem for any company in the world. Duplicate product’s annually revenue is more or less U$500. †¢It’s always a threat when outsourcing any product to a country like China where law is not well implemented to protect the patent rights. You read "Samsung Corpotate Strategy" in category "Essay examples" Samsung and Business Environment of Canada Study shows that Canadian customers prefer a better quality than price. Customer demands better guarantees and return policies. Canadian population is considered one of the educated nations in the world. Canadians welcome new technologies and love to learn. Sony is the first one who invented color television, and played a leading role in the world of electronics. Most of the Canadians like Sony brand and pay the high price. Sony is very much dominated the Canadian market, the price is high and products have conventional design. Samsung can penetrate the market with better advance stylish designs and lower price and better guarantees. I believed that will take time to take over the Canadian market. â€Å"We’ve been No. 1 in TVs since 2006 in Canada,† Politeski says. â€Å"In Canadian living rooms, there are an awful lot of Samsung TVs. So the brand name — whether it’s on TVs or appliances or mobile phones, any of our product categories — continues to grow momentum, and consumers become more and more interested in it. How do you become No. 1 in any category? Attention to what the customer thinks is most important† (http://business. financialpost. om/2012/05/01/samsung-aims-to-dethrone-apple-in-smartphone-market/). With Sony Canadians have no other choice if SECA use a right marketing strategy it’s possible that Samsung can win people opinion and market share. SECA should carefully formulate strategy on the target market, segmentation and repositioning the produ ct. SECA can use demographic segmentation and divide market into four groups. Low income families, group of people who are price sensitive. High income families, group of people who prefer quality over the price. Young generation group, who prefer new innovations and technology advancements. They buy products when it comes first in market and pay the full price. The old generation group those people buy when they need and are very price sensitive. Business user group those people are less price sensitive than quality, customized products and guarantees. Hobbyists is a group who like to buy new innovations which can satisfy their hobby quest. SECA can differentiate its products from others buy innovating user friendly and cost effective products for everyone. SECA should listen their corporate customers and customize their product according to their needs. â€Å"Canadian expansion strategy will be on full display. Following in the footsteps of rivals Sony and Apple, Samsung plans to open several stand-alone retail locations across the country, as the company attempts to strengthen its direct relationship with consumers† (http://business. financialpost. com). SECA should use 4P’s of marketing to achieve success in Canadian market. Product; brand strength could be achieved by producing better products and user friendly products. It could be done by producing stylish and durable cell phones, brighter and bigger flat screen TV’s, cost effective, energy efficient, durable AC, refrigerators, and other electrical home appliances. Place; Samsung should open its own retail stores across the country. Currently Samsung use distribution channels those are Best Buy, etc. Samsung should use online and on site distribution channels. Price; There are variance in the Samsung’s prices and discounts which creates confusion in the market. Samsung have to pay attention on the pricing strategy of its products. Promotion; Samsung should invest more in advertisement and promotion in Canada. With the help of advertisements a company conveys its message to the customers. A right advertisement and promotion would be a key to success in the Canadian market. Canada could be a tough market for Samsung if the company will not redesign its marketing strategy. Canadians are more loyal to SONY brand. To compete the electronic giant like SONY, Samsung should adopt a better strategy that produce a better product, price, placement and promotion. Samsung Corporate and Global Strategy I agreed more or less with the Samsung’s corporate strategy and global strategy. There are few steps need to take in Samsung’s corporate and global strategy. I will discuss about why I like Samsung’s corporate and global strategy. Business Wire of Boston writes about Samsung that it took the 25% of the market share and was star performing during the first quarter of the year 2012. I believe that Samsung is doing something right at the corporate and global level the reason why company became the world’s number one had set vendor. â€Å"BOSTON–(BUSINESS WIRE)–According to the latest research from Strategy Analytics, global handset shipments grew a modest 3 percent annually to reach 368 million units in the first quarter of 2012. Samsung was the star performer during the quarter, capturing a record 25 percent market share to become the world’s number one handset vendor for the first time ever† (http://www. businesswire. com). At first Samsung’s business model was to produce more mobile phone in number, they pay less attention to the quality. By the time Samsung decided that company should produce not only quantity but also better quality to compete in the global market. They accomplished this dream with their vision â€Å"Leading the Digital Convergence Revolution†(www. samsung. com). Chairman of the company Mr. Lee played a dynamic role in the success of Samsung. During the revolutionary strategic change in the company he said that we have to change everything only we will keep our children and wives. It sounds funny but the Chairman Lee changed everything in the company. The new strategy strived more on better look and quality than quantity. The design advisor Tom Hardy helped Mr. Lee’s vision to accomplish. Company’s designers had been sent to different fashion and design companies around the world to have a better perspective about the global design. Samsung took advantage from its design centers around the world and become a global electronics name that consumer trust and like. â€Å"If money was the answer to innovation then Samsung Electronics would certainly rank among the best in the world. Samsung spent 10 trillion won ($9 US billion) on research and development in 2011† (http://www. vancouversun. com) Samsung can produce in house semiconductors, LCD screens, and memory plant. This is the reason why company can independently, cost effectively, and How to cite Samsung Corpotate Strategy, Essay examples